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Solar battery storage (also known as solar+storage) is a thriving industry. When you combine solar panels with battery storage, you can store excess electricity generated by your solar panels, giving you more options for how you use your solar energy—and how they profit from it. Solar battery storage enables you to rely less on the power grid, potentially lowering your costs and even supplementing your income.
Solar battery storage (commonly referred to as solar+storage) is a booming industry. When pairing solar panels with battery storage, you can store excess electricity produced by your solar panels to expand your options for how you use your solar energy—and how they can profit from it. Solar battery storage allows you to rely less on the electricity grid to potentially lower costs and even supplement your income.
Types of Solar Batteries
For residential storage, lead-acid batteries have the virtues of low cost, recyclability, and long shelf life with little to no maintenance required, but they are heavy and have longer charge times. Lithium-ion batteries charge more quickly and can hold more energy per mass, making them the preferred choice of most home solar storage systems today, according to the Solar Energy Industries Association.
Considering their cycle life, performance, and cost, lithium-ion batteries have the highest cost-benefit, one which will only grow in coming years as the technology continues to mature and its prices decline. The remaining 10% of utility-scale energy storage options—like pumped storage hydropower, flow batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, molten salts, flywheels, and compressed air—are beyond the scale of homeowners.
Several other battery characteristics also determine the cost-effectiveness and usefulness of solar+storage systems.
Battery parameters
Power and Capacity
Two similar-looking metrics—kW and kWh—are measurements of a battery's power and capacity, respectively. A kilowatt is the amount of power that a battery can deliver at any one time, while a kilowatt-hour is the total amount of energy that the battery can store.
Round-Trip Efficiency
Round-trip efficiency is the measurement of how much energy is lost in the transfer and storage of electrons in and out of the battery. The loss is usually around 5%.
Battery Life
Battery life is measured by the number of cycles of charge and discharge it can go through. Eventually, batteries degrade over time and lose their ability to hold the same level of charge.
Inverter parameters
| Model | R12KL1 |
| Input (PV) | |
| Max. power(kW) | 15.6 |
| Max. DC voltage(V) | 500 |
| MPPT voltage range(V) | 120~500 |
| Max.input current of single MPPT(A) | 12 |
| MAX. short circuit current(A) | 15 |
| AC output | |
| Rated output power(kVA) | 12 |
| Max. output power(kVA) | 13.2 |
| Max. output current(A) | 57.4 |
| Ac output voltage(V) | 220,230,240 |
| Frequency (Hz) | 50/60（45 ~ 55, 55 ~ 65） |
| PF | 0.8lagging-0.8leading |
| THDi | < 2% |
| Battery | |
| Nominal voltage (V) | 48 |
| Battery voltage range(V) | 40~60 |
| Max. charge/discharge current(A) | 250/250 |
| Battery type | lithium /Lead-acid |
| Charging strategy for Li-Ion battery | Self-adaption to BMS |
| EPS output | |
| Rated power (kVA) | 12 |
| Rated output voltage(V) | 220, 230 ,240 |
| Rated frequency (Hz) | 50/60 |
| THDu | < 2% |
| Protection | |
| Grounding detection | YES |
| Arc fault protection | optional |
| Island protection | YES |
| Battery reverse polarity | YES |
| Insulation resistor detection | YES |
| Residual current monitoring unit | YES |
| Output over current protection | YES |
| Back-up output short protection | YES |
| Terminal temperature detection | YES |
| Output over voltage/under voltage protection | YES |
| General data | |
| Europe efficiency (PV) | ≥97.8% |
| MAX. battery to load efficiency | ≥97.2% |
| Ingress protection | IP65 |
| Noise emission(dB) | <38 |
| Operation temperature | -25℃ ~ 60℃ |
| Cooling | FAN Cooling |
| Relative humidity | 0 ~95%（non-condensing） |
| Altitude | 2,000m (>2,000 Derating) |
| Dimensions W *D *H (mm) | 430*220*710 |
| Weight(kg) | 41 |
| Display | LCD，Touch panel（optinal） |
| Communication with BMS/meter/EMS | RS485，CAN |
| Communication interface | RS485, WLAN, 4G (optional) |
| Self-consumption at night | < 2.5 W (with battery enabling < 5 W) |
| Certificates | South Africa NRS, IEC 62109-1/-2, IEC 61000-6-1, IEC 61000-6-3 |
